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Explore nucleosides and nucleotides, their structures, roles in DNA/RNA, and importance in energy transfer, signaling, and cellular processes. A nucleotide is an organic molecule that is the building block of DNA and RNA. They also have functions related to cell signaling, metabolism, and enzyme reactions. A nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides are comprised of three distinguishing elements: (1) a nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) base, (2) a pentose, and (3) a phosphate. A nucleoside is the molecule without the phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are derived from pyrimidine and purine, two parent molecules. The common nucleotides’ bases and pentoses are heterocyclic compounds. The base of a nucleotide is covalently attached to the 1′ carbon of the pentose via an N-B-glycosyl link (at N-1 for pyrimidines and N-9 ... In contrast, a nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate group attached to ribose sugar through a phosphodiester bond. Difference between Nucleotide and Nucleoside To understand the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide , we need to understand the basic components of these structures.
