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Discover the five layers of the atmosphere and their vital roles in weather, UV protection, and satellite communication. Learn how these layers affect our daily lives and their significance for Earth and beyond. The atmosphere of Earth is divided into several different layers. Each layer has its own properties, depending on how far you are from the surface of the planet. What are the Atmosphere Layers of the Earth? The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases. The atmosphere is divided into five layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The atmosphere layer closest to the earth is referred to as the troposphere. Beyond the troposphere are the stratosphere, the ozone layer, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and neon.