Flagella are slender, thread-like structures that extend from the cell body of various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. These structures play a crucial role in locomotion, allowing cells to move through liquid environments effectively. Flagella are fascinating microscopic, whip-like projections that play a critical role in the locomotion and sensory activities of cells. In this guide, we will delve into what is flagella, discussing its structure of flagella, flagella function, and the captivating dynamics of flagellar movement. Flagella in eukaryotic cells can also exist, but they differ structurally from prokaryotic flagella . Eukaryotic flagella are made of a protein called tubulin and can strike backwards and forward. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota, the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word flagellum means "whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion.
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